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Sheet metal processing

Sheet metal processing is a key technology that sheet metal technicians need to master, and it is also an important process for forming sheet metal products. Sheet metal processing includes traditional cutting, blanking, bending and forming and other methods and process parameters, as well as various cold stamping die structures and process parameters, various equipment working principles and operating methods, as well as new stamping technology. and new technology. Sheet metal processing of parts is called sheet metal processing.

The main process is cutting, bending and buckle, bending forming, etc.

Each industry has its professional term, and the sheet metal processing industry is no exception. The following 24 are common.

(1) Pressure riveting: refers to the process of firmly crimping fasteners such as pressure riveting nuts, pressure riveting screws or pressure riveting standoffs on the part using a punch or hydraulic press.

(2) Swell riveting: refers to the process of first countersinking the part, and then using a punch or hydraulic press to firmly crimp the rivet nut on the part.

(3) Pull riveting: refers to the process of tightly connecting two or more parts together with pull studs using a pull rivet gun as a tool.

(4) Riveting connection: The process of connecting two or more parts face-to-face with rivets. For countersunk riveting, the parts need to be countersunk first.

(5) Corner cutting: refers to the process of cutting off the corner of the part using a die on a punch or hydraulic press.

(6) Bending: refers to the technological process in which the part is formed by the bending machine.

(7) Forming: refers to the process of deforming the part by using a die on an ordinary punch or other equipment.

(8) Cutting material: refers to the process of obtaining a rectangular part through a shearing machine.

(9) Blanking: refers to the process in which the part is cut by LASER or punched by a CNC punch.

(10) Blanking processing: refers to the process of obtaining the shape of the product by using a mold on an ordinary punch or other equipment.

(11) Punching: refers to the process in which the part is machined by ordinary punching machines and molds.

(12) Punching and convex hull: refers to the process of forming a convex shape of the part with a die on a punch or hydraulic press.

(13) Punching and tearing: also known as "punch bridge", which refers to the process of forming a part into a bridge-like shape with a die on a punch or hydraulic press.

(14) Hole drawing: also called "flanging", which refers to the process of using a die to form a round hole on the part on an ordinary punch or other equipment. process.

(15) Tapping: refers to the process of machining internal threads on the part.

(16) Leveling: refers to the process that the part is uneven before and after processing, and other equipment is used to level the part.

(17) Back teeth: refers to the process of repairing the second screw teeth on the pre-tapped part.

(18) Drilling: refers to the process of drilling holes on a part with a drill bit on a drilling machine or milling machine.

(19) Chamfering: refers to the process of processing the sharp corners of the part using molds, files, grinders, etc.

(20) Imprinting: refers to the process of using a mold to punch out characters, symbols or other imprints on the part.

(21) Countersunk hole: refers to the process of machining a taper hole on the part in order to match a connector such as a countersunk head screw.

(22) Flattening: refers to the process of transitioning to flattening of parts with a certain shape.

(23) Punching mesh holes: refers to punching out mesh holes on the part with a die on an ordinary punching machine or a CNC punching machine.

(24) Hole reaming: refers to the process of processing small holes on the part into large holes with drills or milling cutters.

Material selection

The materials commonly used in sheet metal processing are cold-rolled sheet (SPCC), hot-rolled sheet (SHCC), galvanized sheet (SECC, SGCC), copper (CU) brass, red copper, beryllium copper, aluminum sheet (6061, 5052, 1010, 1060, 6063, duralumin, etc.), stainless steel (mirror surface, brushed surface, matte surface), according to the different functions of the product, different materials are selected, generally need to consider the use and cost of the product.

1. Cold-rolled sheet SPCC, mainly used for electroplating and baking paint, low cost, easy to form, material thickness ≤ 3.2mm.

2. Hot-rolled sheet SHCC, material T ≥ 3.0mm, also uses electroplating, paint parts, low cost, but difficult to form, mainly flat parts.

3. Galvanized sheet SECC, SGCC. SECC electrolytic plate is divided into N material and P material. N material is mainly used for surface treatment, which is expensive, and P material is used for sprayed parts.

4. Copper; mainly used for conductive materials, and its surface treatment is nickel-plated, chrome-plated, or not treated, and the cost is high.

5. Aluminum plate; generally use surface chromate (J11-A), anodization (conductive oxidation, chemical oxidation), high cost, silver plating, nickel plating.

6. Aluminum profiles; materials with complex cross-sectional structures, which are widely used in various sub-boxes. The surface treatment is the same as the aluminum plate.

7. Stainless steel; mainly used without any surface treatment, high cost.
 

Common materials

1. Galvanized steel sheet SECC

The substrate of SECC is ordinary cold-rolled steel coil, which becomes an electro-galvanized product after degreasing, pickling, electroplating and various post-treatment processes in a continuous electro-galvanizing production line. SECC not only has the mechanical properties and similar processability of ordinary cold-rolled steel sheets, but also has superior corrosion resistance and decorative appearance. It has great competition and substitution in the market of electronic products, home appliances and furniture. For example, the commonly used computer case is SECC.

2. Ordinary cold rolled sheet SPCC

SPCC refers to the continuous rolling of steel ingots into steel coils or sheets of required thickness through a cold rolling mill. SPCC surface does not have any protection, it is easy to be oxidized when exposed to the air, especially in a humid environment, the oxidation speed is accelerated, dark red rust appears, and the surface should be painted, electroplated or otherwise protected when in use.

⒊ Hot dip galvanized steel sheet SGCC

Hot-dip galvanized steel coil refers to the semi-finished product after hot-rolled pickling or cold-rolling, after cleaning, annealing, and immersing in a molten zinc bath with a temperature of about 460 ° C, so that the steel sheet is plated with a zinc layer, and then quenched and tempered. Flattened and chemically treated. SGCC material is harder than SECC material, has poor ductility (avoid deep drawing design), thicker zinc layer and poor weldability.

4. Stainless steel SUS304

One of the most widely used stainless steels, because it contains Ni (nickel), it is richer in corrosion resistance and heat resistance than steel containing Cr (chromium), has very good mechanical properties, has no heat treatment hardening phenomenon, and has no elasticity.

5. Stainless steel SUS301

The content of Cr (chromium) is lower than that of SUS304, and the corrosion resistance is poor, but after cold working, it can obtain good tensile force and hardness in stamping processing, and has good elasticity. It is mostly used for shrapnel springs and anti-EMI.